![]() ![]() ![]() In particular, the formal analogies do not map the temporal, causal, or modal structures of SSB in superconductivity to temporal, causal, or modal structures in the Higgs model. The conclusion of our analysis is that both sets of analogies are purely formal in virtue of the fact that they are accompanied by substantial physical disanalogies. We offer a historical and philosophical analysis of the analogies between the Higgs model of the electroweak (EW) interaction and the Ginsburg–Landau (GL) and Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) models of superconductivity, respectively. The historical root of these analogies is the analogies to models of superconductivity that inspired the introduction of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) into particle physics in the early 1960s. ![]() Niels Bohr fought for this cause until his death in 1962.Following the experimental discovery of the Higgs boson, physicists explained the discovery to the public by appealing to analogies with condensed matter physics. For Niels Bohr, the existence of weapons of mass destruction necessitated an open world where all scientific and technical information should be shared between nations to avoid unwarranted suspicion and fatal misunderstandings. While Niels Bohr agreed to participate in the project, he started a campaign on his own initiative to convince British and American leaders that the Soviet Union should be informed of the project’s existence before the end of the war. After a short stay in Sweden, he was flown to England and from there he came to the United States as a member of the British group of scientists who participated in the work to produce a nuclear weapon. This was the basis for his rejection of a secret invitation to move to England in early 1943, when he was forced to flee from occupied Denmark in October of the same year, he changed his mind and accepted the invitation. The Niels Bohr Institute occupied by the Germans.Įven though Niels Bohr was of the leading contributors to the new nuclear physics, he did not believe it would be possible to develop an atomic bomb in the near future. In particular, Niels Bohr made a significant contribution to the theoretical understanding of fission during an extended visit to Princeton. This set off frantic research activity on both sides of the Atlantic. They had discovered fission and this paved the way for the generation of nuclear chain reactions. In 1939, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann discovered that reaction products were produced at lower atomic numbers when you irradiated uranium with neutrons. Together with Niels Bohr’s liquid drop model, which he formulated in 1937, the theory also explains the fission process. ![]() The model explains why a neutron is captured instead of being rereleased. In 1936, Niels Bohr formulated his revolutionary compound nucleus model, whereby the nucleus is transferred to a temporarily unstable compound state during a reaction, before it returns to a stable state when the reaction is over. A marble, that is to say, a neutron is thus captured. It is therefor unlikely that a single marble will gather enough energy again to hop of the edge. Repeated collisions quickly distribute the energy of the injected marble between the other marbles in the dish. Niels Bohr illustrated the formation of compound nuclei with this model: A marble is rolled down into a dish with some other marbles. ![]()
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